Hydrangea macrophylla (Hortensia)

Hydrangea macrophylla, commonly known as Bigleaf Hydrangea, is a deciduous flowering shrub native to Japan. It is one of the most widely cultivated hydrangeas, valued for its large, long-lasting flower heads and lush green foliage. Mature plants typically reach 3-6 feet in height and width, forming rounded shrubs that provide color from late spring through summer in gardens and containers.

The species includes two main horticultural groups: mophead hydrangeas, with large rounded flower clusters, and lacecap hydrangeas, whose flattened flower heads consist of tiny fertile flowers surrounded by showy sterile florets. One of the most remarkable characteristics of Hydrangea macrophylla is its ability to produce blue, purple, pink, or occasionally reddish flowers depending on soil chemistry. In acidic soils containing available aluminum, many cultivars develop blue flowers, while neutral to alkaline soils usually produce pink blooms. White-flowered cultivars generally do not change color. Hydrangea macrophylla grows best in moist, fertile, well-drained soil with partial shade, especially in regions with hot summers. Consistent watering is important, as the large leaves lose moisture rapidly during warm weather. Suitable for USDA Zones 6-9, it is an outstanding landscape shrub and one of the most popular flowering plants for gardens, patios, and container culture.