Coffea arabica (Coffee)

Coffea arabica, commonly known as Arabian Coffee or Arabica Coffee, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the Rubiaceae family native to the highlands of Ethiopia and South Sudan. It is the world's most widely cultivated coffee species, accounting for about 60% of global coffee production. In cultivation, plants typically grow 6 to 15 feet (2 to 4.5 m) tall, although they are often pruned to maintain a more compact size. Their glossy dark green leaves and fragrant white, star-shaped flowers make Arabica coffee an attractive ornamental as well as an economically important crop.

Clusters of fragrant blossoms are followed by green fruits that ripen to bright red or occasionally yellow coffee cherries, each usually containing two seeds known as coffee beans. Coffea arabica grows best in bright filtered light or partial shade and fertile, well-drained, slightly acidic soil with regular moisture. It thrives in frost-free climates and is hardy in USDA Zones 10b-11. In addition to its ornamental appeal, the species is prized for producing the highest-quality coffee, valued for its smooth flavor, pleasant aroma, and lower caffeine content compared to most other cultivated coffee species.The most common coffee is Coffea arabica; related species are Coffea robusta (Robusta Coffee) and Coffea liberica (Liberian Coffee).

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