Stenocereus sp. (Organ Pipe Cactus)
Botanical name: Stenocereus sp.
Common names: Organ Pipe Cactus, Octopus Cactus
Family: Cactaceae
Origin: Mexico, Central America
Hardiness: 30°F
Stenocereus is a genus of tall, columnar cacti known for their multiple-stemmed, branching form that often resembles organ pipes or tentacles. Native to arid regions of Mexico and Central America, these cacti thrive in full sun and well-drained, rocky soils. They are highly drought-tolerant and well adapted to extreme heat.
Most species grow slowly and reach heights between 6 and 20 feet over time, with upright stems that may occasionally arch outward. The surface of the stems typically has 8 to 12 ribs, each lined with areoles and spines. Some species of Stenocereus, such as S. queretaroensis and S. thurberi, are cultivated for their large, sweet fruits, which are locally known and appreciated. However, the fruits of most species in the genus are technically edible but remain small, grow high on tall stems, and are more often consumed by birds than harvested by people.
Flowering usually occurs in summer, with large funnel-shaped blooms in shades of white, pink, or red, depending on species. The flowers open at night or in the early morning and often attract bats or moths. Many species have thick, waxy epidermis that helps retain moisture in extreme heat.
Stenocereus species can generally tolerate temperatures down to about 25F, though some may suffer damage below 30F. Container growing is possible for young plants, but mature specimens are best suited to open ground in warm, dry climates.
The genus is sometimes confused with Pachycereus due to the similar columnar growth habit, but Stenocereus tends to have thinner stems and a more shrubby base.
Notable species include Stenocereus thurberi, native to the Sonoran Desert, which often forms large clumps and bears sweet, edible fruit known as pitaya dulce. Stenocereus pruinosus is recognizable by its bluish stems and bright pink flowers, with fruits sold in local markets. Stenocereus stellatus is a rarer type with narrow stems and highly decorative flowers.
