Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum verum

Evergreen shrub or small tree with dark, leathery, aromatic, veined leaves, numerous inconspicuous yellow flowers and blackish berries. In cultivation young trees are cut back twice a year and sucker shoots develop from the roots. These long slender shoots furnish the bark that is the commercial product. Leaves are used as tea. Cinnamon is a very popular culinary spice and is also used in candy, gum, incense, toothpaste and perfumes. The oil is used in medicine as a carminative, antiseptic and astringent and source of cinnamon extract. According to the recent studies, Cinnamon may prevent or at least delay a type of diabetes that develops with age, say researchers in the US.

Clinical trials of a cinnamon extract are due to begin within a year, but nutritionist Richard Anderson says patients with type II or non-insulin-dependent diabetes could benefit now by adding the spice to their food or drink. "We recommend people take a quarter to a full teaspoon a day of cinnamon, perhaps in orange juice, coffee or on oatmeal," he says.

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Cistus salviifolius

USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map

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Sageleaf Rockrose is a low, very erect shrub about two to three feet in height.

It cannot grow in the shade. It requires dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure.

The dried leaves are used as an adulterant for marjoram.

Citrus bergamia

Small tree with pear-shaped fruit whose oil is used in perfumery. Orange Bergamot has antiseptic, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, relaxant, sedative, and uplifting properties. It also balances body systems.

Citrus hystrix

Grown in USDA Zone 9-11, Citrus hystrix, commonly known as Indonesian limes, is a species of relatively small tree that can reach a height of 10-20 ft. The fruits of this tree contain very little juice, but it is packed with flavor that has a unique flavor profile. The off-white flowers of Indonesian lime are highly fragrant, making them a delight for the senses.

The fruits of this ethnomedical plant are edible, and their white skin can be used to make a refreshing beverage or used as as a spice or herb. There are many healthy benefits associated with consuming Indonesian limes. The vitamins C, A, and E are all found in the fruit, providing anti-oxidant properties as well as strengthening the immune system. The fruit is also packed with minerals including calcium, magnesium, and iron, all of which are vital for the body.

In terms of growing and caring for this tropical tree, they prefer full sun and require regular watering. In regions with colder climates, planting them in a pot and bringing them in during the winter months can help to keep them healthy and make sure they thrive. Indonesian limes are highly productive, often producing a yield of 25-50 fruits in a season.

All in all, Citrus hystrix is a great addition to any garden, boasting a plethora of health benefits and a unique flavor that adds complexity to prepared dishes. Its fragrant flowers make it a lovely ornament when placed in a sunny spot, and it is a worthwhile investment for the flavor and nutrition it provides.

Clausena excavata

The Clausena excavata tree is a small tree which grows 10-20 ft tall and requires full sun and regular watering to thrive. While some adaptations make it moderately drought tolerant, it needs regular waterings and can not survive extended periods of drought. It is a great choice for gardeners in USDA Zones 9-11.

The pink lime berry itself is very fragrant and can be used to flavor a variety of dishes, as well as for decorating. Its leaves also have a powerful, curry-like smell when crushed and are even edible. Those looking for a medicinal herb will find Clausena excavata to be a great choice, as its bark, branches, and roots are used as a potherb for a vast array of ailments.

Clausena excavata produces many edible berries with a juicy, sweet and citrusy taste, with hints of fennel, coriander, licorice, and coffee, making them great for garnishing dishes. Besides being rich in flavor, the berries are also a great source of essential nutrients and vitamins. They are also high in antioxidants and known to improve digestion and boost the immune system. The berries are usually harvested after they ripen and turn translucent and pink. Clausena excavata will produce an abundant crop of fruit if grown in the right conditions and can produce up to a hundred berries off a single plant.

In cold regions, Clausena excavata will grow well if planted into a pot and kept indoors during the coldest times of the year. It will be most hardy to temperatures as low as 30F for a short time. As temperatures dip below this, it will need to be brought indoors before it may suffer from frost damage. During the spring and summer, it can be placed outside to benefit from the sun and regular waterings.